Thoroughly Discredited (Part Two)
January 17, 2016
Disbarred
February 11, 2016
Dr Anna Sandiford’s review was published in CSEye an online magazine published by the Chartered Society of Forensic Sciences at http://www.csofs.org/CSEye in January 2016 (pages 31-32).
The Cardiff Five: Innocent Beyond Any Doubt
Satish Sekar
Waterside Press, Hook, Hampshire, 2012, 978-1-904380-76-4 [£16.50]
Firstly, this book was published in 2012 and this review is in early 2016 so there has been a three year gap. However, given the speed at which most miscarriage of justice cases take to be independently reviewed this is no more than the blink of an eye, which in itself should be unacceptable.
This book relates largely to the murder of Lynette White in Cardiff in 1988 following on from which five men stood trial, two were acquitted and three were convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment. Eventually, the real and sole killer was convicted and DNA analysis played a significant role.
The book is written by a man with passion for this case. In my experience, miscarriage of justice cases do not get overturned without at least one person, and preferably a team, constantly driving into the criminal legal system and often against the odds over many years in order to get a proper review undertaken – clearly Mr Sekar was one such person.
As with many miscarriage of justice cases, there were multiple twists and turns and some truly bizarre events had to be accepted by the criminal legal system in order for the scientific results to be explained, the police investigation to continue along its track and ultimately convictions to be achieved. In the case of the murder of Lynette White one scientific issue (there were, as is often the case, several) was with blood grouping: either the Cardiff Five plus another person never previously mentioned by the Police had to be involved in order to account for the blood group results, or one person (not including any of the Cardiff Five) acted alone and it was that person’s blood that was present at the scene. The system chose to accept six offenders contributing to one blood result rather than consider the far more likely scenario of one person and the police investigation being incorrect.
Time of death issues and offender profiling also occurred in this case, the details of which are morbidly fascinating and disturbing because they will be familiar to anyone involved in crime investigation. Having said that, the care with which the scene was re-examined and samples collected from underneath paint years after the crime occurred are impressive and, much as I am loathe to say it, would have a great place in an episode of CSI – and actually be an accurate portrayal of forensic science for a change.
Mr Sekar’s passion for the case is apparent throughout this book. The stories of the Cardiff Five and the other cases to which he refers are incredibly important. At times though it seemed the passion caused some of the detail to be a bit jumbled for a reader unfamiliar with the case to follow and a certain amount of repetition crept in.
However, there can be no doubt that there is a need for books to be written and education to be provided about how these cases occur in the hope that their occurrence diminishes in the future. Miscarriages of justice occur wherever people are involved in making decisions about how they think crimes occurred; I have been involved in re-investigation of three of New Zealand’s most high-profile such cases and there are more on the horizon, so the issues raised by Mr Sekar are international and current.
It is critical there be transparency and open reporting of such cases and this book adds to the growing pile of publications that have been written and need to be written so that we do not become complacent and accept that miscarriages of justice are simply a cost of the investigation of crime. As stated by Michael Mansfield QC in the Foreword, “Questions asked behind closed doors by internal reviews are self-serving and left to collect the dust of darkness.”
As for the point raised by Mr Sekar towards the end of the book, “Knowingly allowing the innocent to suffer wrongful imprisonment, whether convicted or not, should carry a penalty” – anyone who learns about potential miscarriages of justice should not disagree.
Dr Anna Sandiford
