By Satish Sekar \u00a9 Satish Sekar (February 4th 2018)<\/p>\n
Romanticised Nonsense<\/strong><\/p>\n History is full of misconceptions and airbrushing of crimes to present a nostalgic view justifying the rule and crimes of one side or other. More often than not the truth lies in between \u2013 neither pure as the driven snow, nor wicked enough to put Sodom and Gomorrah to shame. The Moors \u2013 more accurately Berbers \u2013 are no different, but misconceptions about them are rife. Their contribution to Europe was immense.<\/p>\n Talk of brutality and slavery being brought to Europe by Arabs \u2013 the Umayyads conquered the Mahgreb, but did so without the usual brutality of war \u2013 and imposed by Moors is arrant nonsense. Did they keep slaves? They certainly did, but slavery in Europe pre-dated Tariq ibn Ziyad\u2019s arrival in Spain by centuries, and it is conveniently forgotten that the slavery brought by the Umayyads was little different to that practiced by the Romans and Greeks \u2013 it was more servitude than what we would consider slavery. Chattel slavery was vastly different, and that certainly was not brought to Europe by Moors.<\/p>\n Progress<\/strong><\/p>\n In ancient times captives of war were enslaved. Spain is no different. Slavery there pre-dated the arrival of the Romans, Carthaginians and Phoenicians, and it lasted long after the Visigoths under Alaric finally defeated the Roman Empire. The Visigoths rule over Hispania was finally ended by the Islamic conquest of Spain.<\/p>\n The Visigoths were once considered Barbarians \u2013 originally a Greek term for foreigners made derogatory by the Romans. It came to mean uncivilised and was used to justify the imposition of Roman rule and hegemony over these tribes. The Visigoths were far from uncivilised as their artistic jewellery amply proves, but they could be extremely brutal even to each other.<\/p>\n Internal Rivalries<\/strong><\/p>\n The \u2018last\u2019 King of the Visigoths, Rod\u00e9ric was a nobleman by birth, but had no right of succession. He was considered by many a usurper. The previous and last \u2018legitimate\u2019 King of the Visigoths was Wittiza. After a promising \u2018honeymoon\u2019 Wittiza turned despot, torturing, imprisoning or executing rivals. Among those dispossessed was Theodofred, father of Rod\u00e9ric. He was blinded and imprisoned by Wittiza. Rod\u00e9ric fled into exile.<\/p>\n As Wiitiza\u2019s despotism grew, so did opposition, leading to a coup by nobles, who appointed Rod\u00e9ric the new ruler. Rod\u00e9ric lost no time settling scores for his father. Wittiza was blinded and imprisoned \u2013 the same fate he imposed on Theodofred, Wittiza spent his remaining days \u2013 not many \u2013 wracked by remorse, but it was too little, too late. And then there was Achila II, Wittiza\u2019s son. Unlike Rod\u00e9ric, he had a legitimate claim by right to the Visigoths\u2019 throne \u2013 their rivalry weakened the Visigoth cause.<\/p>\n Rod\u00e9ric ruled primarily in the south and considered the Muslims his greatest threat, while Achilo\u2019s domain was in the north of Spain and south of modern day France. After Rod\u00e9ric\u2019s defeat and death at Guadalete, Achila had to confront the Umayyads and was defeated within three years. He was succeeded by Ardabastus (Ardo) the last Visigoth King. His reign lasted approximately seven years \u2013 his defeat and death consigned the Visigoths to history, but the seeds of Visigoth destruction were planted almost a decade earlier.<\/p>\n Rod\u00e9ric also alienated a Visigoth nobleman, Julian, the Count of Ceuta. It was claimed \u2013 history is uncertain on whether Julian even had a daughter, let alone what was alleged to have happened \u2013 that Julian was said to have sent his daughter to Rod\u00e9ric to be educated, but instead the King raped her. Enraged, Julian took his revenge \u2013 a revenge many consider treason. Julian encouraged Tariq ibn Ziyad\u2019s invasion \u2013 he even facilitated and aided it. Without the Count of Ceuta\u2019s involvement the invasion would at the very least have been far more difficult to execute.<\/p>\n Acquiescence and Tolerance<\/strong><\/p>\n The conquest of the Mahgreb and Berbers by the Umayyads bordered on acquiescence as merit was rewarded and the beliefs of the \u2018conquered\u2019 was tolerated.<\/p>\n Former slave turned Emir of Tangier, Tarik ibn Ziyad, was the first to cross over Gibraltar from Morocco to Spain. It paved the way for the Berber\u2019s Islamisation of Spain \u2013 the one that hardly gets acknowledged in Europe, but is the subject of remarkable ignorance. Ironically, the origins of the Islam of the Emirate of Cordoba and also the Berbers had the same source \u2013 the Umayyad Caliphate and Empire. The Umayyad dynasty began in 661 AD, lasting until 750. The Umayyads eventually converted to Islam, although they remained tolerant of other faiths. Their treatment of Jews is particularly striking, as Jews had been persecuted by Christians especially. Jews were accepted and protected by the Umayyads and were part of the Umayyad invasion of Europe.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" By Satish Sekar \u00a9 Satish Sekar (February 4th 2018) Romanticised Nonsense History is full of misconceptions and airbrushing of crimes [\u2026]<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1625,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[19],"tags":[591,595,615,596,616,617,612,618,602,619,604,620,605],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fittedin.org\/fittedinwp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1532"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fittedin.org\/fittedinwp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fittedin.org\/fittedinwp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fittedin.org\/fittedinwp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fittedin.org\/fittedinwp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1532"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/fittedin.org\/fittedinwp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1532\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1613,"href":"https:\/\/fittedin.org\/fittedinwp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1532\/revisions\/1613"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fittedin.org\/fittedinwp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1625"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fittedin.org\/fittedinwp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1532"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fittedin.org\/fittedinwp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1532"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fittedin.org\/fittedinwp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1532"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nIslam came to North Africa from Yemen and Saudi Arabia too, but this time it came through conquest \u2013 the roots, however were permanent and affected the course of both Morocco and Spain. It should be remembered that despite this expansion coming through the Umayyad Caliphate, they were not originally Muslims.<\/p>\n